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<title>Space Launching System</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Space Launching System</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1960s USAF rocket project. For the 21st-century NASA launch vehicle, see <a href="Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a>. For the Turkish satellite launcher, see <a href="Space_Launch_System_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Launch System (Turkey)">Space Launch System (Turkey)</a>. For the general topic, see <a href="Space_launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Space launcher">space launcher</a>.</div>

<p>The <b>Space Launching System</b>, or <b>Space Launcher System</b>, (<b>SLS</b>), was a 1960s-era design program of the <a href="US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a family of <a href="Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a> based around a set of common components. After a series of studies in the late 1950s, the Air Force had concluded that the maximum efficiency would be gained by using only <a href="Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">liquid hydrogen</a> fuel for upper stages, which demanded the use of boosters based on segmented <a href="Solid_fuel_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid fuel rocket">solid fuel rockets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By combining one of three upper stages with three different diameters of solids built to any length needed, the SLS provided wide flexibility in launch capability.

</p><p>The SLS was one of two programs being designed at different divisions within the Air Force, with the ultimate aim of providing the launch services for the <a href="X-20_Dyna_Soar" class="mw-redirect" title="X-20 Dyna Soar">X-20 Dyna Soar</a> crewed <a href="Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">spaceplane</a>. Its competition was an upgraded version of the <a href="Titan_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan I">Titan I</a> with a new upper stage that produced the Titan C concept. In the end, neither SLS or Titan C would be developed, in its place the new <a href="Titan_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan III">Titan III</a> was selected, combining the new missile of the Titan C with the solid boosters of the SLS.

</p><p>The SLS was also needed for the <a href="Lunex_Project" title="Lunex Project">Lunex Project</a>, a proposed human lunar landing in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The replacing Titan III was more formally known as Program 624A (SSLS), Standard Space Launch System, Standardized Space Launch System, Standardized Space Launching System or Standard Space Launching System.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="List_of_space_launch_system_designs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of space launch system designs">List of space launch system designs</a></li>

<li><a href="Aerojet_M-1" title="Aerojet M-1">Aerojet M-1</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunex_Project" title="Lunex Project">Lunex Project</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Beardsley, C. Tony Garcia, Joseph Sweeney, <i>Historical Guide to NASA and the Space Program</i>, p. 220, Rowman & Littlefield, 2016 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1442262877</bdi>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Godwin, <i>Dyna-Soar: Hypersonic Strategic Weapons System</i>, pp. 141-142, Apogee Books, 2003 <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1896522955</bdi>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB479/docs/EBB-Moon04.pdf">"Lunar Expedition Plan: Lunex"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 12 July 1961.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228024707/http://astronautix.com/s/sls.html">"SLS"</a>. <i>www.astronautix.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/sls.html">the original</a> on December 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-15</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBLEYMAIER1963" class="citation journal cs1">BLEYMAIER, JOSEPH (1963-12-11). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.1963-1407">"The Titan III Standardized Space Launch System"</a></span>. <i>Heterogeneous Combustion Conference</i>. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2514%2F6.1963-1407">10.2514/6.1963-1407</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0431109">PROGRAM 624A. PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS GENERAL SPECIFICATION</a> (Report). 1962-11-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415145902/http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0431109">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2022.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HxU-9UeDCI0C&pg=PA496"><i>Military Space Systems</i></a>. New Scientist. September 6, 1962<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228024707/http://astronautix.com/s/sls.html">SLS</a> on <a href="Astronautix" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronautix">Astronautix</a></li></ul>

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